Test cases are simple, step-by-step instructions to make sure software functions as it should. Each test case details exactly what to do and what to expect from the software to confirm it’s working correctly. Well-written test cases save time, improve software quality, and allow different teams—like Business Analysts (BAT), User Acceptance Testers (UAT), Quality Assurance (QA), developers, Scrum Masters, and Product Owners (POs)—to work together smoothly. This guide explains how to write a test case, step-by-step, and highlights each role’s part in the process.
What is a Test Case?
A test case is a set of specific steps to check if certain parts of the software are working as expected. It’s designed to tell the tester exactly what to do and what should happen if the software is working correctly. In both agile and traditional environments, test cases can vary in detail—from high-level checks to very specific instructions.
Roles Involved in Writing and Reviewing Test Cases
| Role | Main Responsibilities |
|---|---|
| BAT Analysts | Make sure business requirements are correctly tested. |
| UAT Analysts | Ensure the software meets end-user needs and expectations. |
| QA Testers | Write and run test cases, checking for issues. |
| Developers | Check test cases to ensure they cover code-related scenarios. |
| Scrum Masters | Coordinate the process, ensuring team alignment. |
| Product Owners | Ensure test cases align with the product goals. |
The Step-by-Step Process to Write a Test Case
- Understand the Requirements
- Read over the project’s requirements to understand what needs to be tested. BAT Analysts often team up with Product Owners to clarify these details.
- Define What You Want to Test
- Determine the specific goal for each test. Are you testing functionality, security, or performance? QA and UAT Analysts work with developers here to pinpoint the exact purpose.
- Set Up Preconditions
- Describe what needs to happen before the test starts. For instance, if you’re testing login, specify that a test account must already exist.
- Write the Test Steps
- List each action the tester must take, one step at a time. Developers and QA Testers work together to ensure accuracy.
- Describe Expected Results
- Define what should happen after each step. These expected results help testers determine if the test passed or failed.
- Include Post-Conditions
- If any cleanup is needed after the test, list those steps. For example, if the test case creates a new record, include instructions to delete it afterward.
- Review and Update
- Have the team review the test case. Developers, QA Testers, and Scrum Masters may have input to make it clearer or more effective.
- Approve and Store
Comparison Table: Test Case vs. Test Scenario
| Aspect | Test Case | Test Scenario |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Detailed steps for checking a specific function. | High-level idea of what to test. |
| Purpose | Verify specific steps and results. | Define general approach without details. |
| Documentation Level | Detailed instructions. | High-level outline. |
| Audience | QA, BAT, UAT Analysts, Developers, Product Owners. | Mainly BAT and UAT Analysts, sometimes QA. |
| Example | “Check login with valid credentials.” | “Test the login feature.” |
Tips for Writing Clear and Effective Test Cases
- Get Everyone Involved Early
- Bring in insights from developers, QA, and Product Owners to catch potential issues before writing the test case.
- Use a Shared Tool for Test Cases
- JIRA or AccelQ allow team members to access and update test cases, keeping everyone on the same page.
- Regularly Review Test Cases
- Test cases should evolve with the product. UAT Analysts often help identify user-focused updates, while QA ensures technical correctness.
- Standardize Your Test Cases
- Keep test cases clear and consistent. This helps everyone understand and execute them without confusion.
Best Practices
- Be Clear and Concise: Write simple steps to avoid misunderstandings.
- Be Consistent: Follow the same format for each test case.
- Focus on Expected Results: Clear expected results make it easy to judge if a test passes or fails.
A well-written test case is a powerful tool that ensures everyone in the team understands what needs to be tested and how. With a step-by-step approach and good team collaboration, you can create test cases that save time, improve product quality, and provide a better experience for end-users.